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Want More detailed views? See grantcountyw'a.map's.arcgis.com Sources: W'S'DOT, WADNR, WOTC, Esd, Grant County
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Disclaimer. The information provided by Grant County is provided 'as Wand for reference only. Grant County makes every effort to produce and publish the most current and accurate information possible. No
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In addition, the information on this server, or site, is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Grant County in the future. Date: 2/1/2021
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
PROVISIONAL ECOLOGICAL SITE
A PROVISIONAL ECOLOGICAL SITE is a conceptual grouping of soil map unit components
within a Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) based on the similarities in response to
management. Although there may be wide variability in the productivity of the soils grouped
into a Provisional Site, the soil vegetation interactions as expressed in the State and Transition
Model are similar and the management actions required to achieve objectives, whether
maintaining the existing ecological state or managing for an alternative state, are similar.
Provisional Sites are likely to be refined into the precise group during the process of meeting the
APPROVED ECOLOGICAL SITE DESCRIPTION criteria.
This PROVISIONAL ECOLOGICAL SITE has been developed to meet the standards
established in the National Ecological Site Handbook, The information associated with this
ecological site does not meet the Approved Ecological Site Description Standard, but it has been
through a Quality Control and Quality Assurance pro cesses to assure consistency and
completeness. Further investigations, reviews and correlations are necessary before it becomes
an Approved Ecological Site Description.
ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS:
Vegetation Dynamics:
Loamy produces about 600-1200 pounds/acre of biomass annually.
Wyoming big sagebrush and bluebunch wheatgrass are at the core of the Loamy ecological site
and warrant a degree of understanding.
Wyoming sagebrush in a long-lived, multi -branched, evergreen shrub. Size varies from 3 feet to
5 feet depending on soil and site conditions. Wyoming big sagebrush has a significant rooting
system, composed of a two-part rooting structure with a primary deep taproot, and a shallow
extensive network of finer roots that spread laterally. This rooting system allows Wyoming big
sagebrush to survive in the hottest and driest portions of the sagebrush range by tapping into
groundwater sources deep into the soil profile itself. This also allows Wyoming big sagebrush
to be more competitive with bunchgrasses when the landscape positions and/or soils are less
ideal for grass species to maintain the competitive advantage.
Bluebunch wheatgass is a long-lived, mid-sized bunchgrass with an awned or awnless seedhead
arranged is a spike. Bluebunch provides a crucial and extensive network of roots to the upper
portions (up to 48" deep in soils with no root -restrictive horizons) of the soil profile. These roots
create a massive underground source to stabilize the soils, provide organic matter and nutrients
inputs, and help maintain soil pore space for water infiltration and water retention in the soil
profile. The extensive rooting system of mid-sized bunchgrasses leave very little soil niche
space available for invasion by other species. This drought resistant root can compete with, and
suppress, the spread of exotic weeds.
The stability and resiliency of the reference communities is directly linked to the health and
vigor of bluebunch wheatgrass. Refer to page 8 for more details about bluebunch physiology.
Research has found that the community remains resistant to medusahead invasion if the site
maintains at least 0.8 mid-sized bunchgrass plant/sq. ft. (K. Davies, 2008). It is bluebunch that
holds the system together. If we lose the bluebunch the ecosystem crashes or unravels.
The natural disturbance regime for grassland communities is periodic lightning -caused fires.
The ire return intervals (FRI) listed in research for sagebrush steppe communities is quite
variable. Ponderosa pine communities have the shortest FRI of about 10-20 years (Miller). The
FRI increases as one moves to wetter forested sites or to dries shrub steppe communities. Given
the uncertainties and opinions of reviewers, a mean of 75 years and a range of 50-100 was
chosen for Wyoming sagebrush communities (Rapid Assessment Model).
Some fires are spotty or do not burn hot enough to fully remove the sagebrush. Fires with light
severity will remove less sagebrush and open smaller patches for grass and forb recovery,
whereas the more severe fires will remove almost all the sagebrush and leave vast areas open to
return to bunchgrass dominance. This is how the patchy distribution occurs. Rabbitbrush and
horsebrush are sprouting shrubs and may increase following fire.
The effect of fire on the community depends upon the severity of the burn. With a light to
moderate fire there can be a mosaic of burned and unburned patches of sagebrush. Sagebrush
can return to pre -burn conditions quickly. Bunchgrasses thrive as the fire does not get into the
crown. With adequate soil moisture Idaho fescue and bluebunch wheatgrass can make
tremendous growth the year after the fire. Other than impacting the sagebrush layer, the
community is not affected.
A severe fire puts stress on the entire community. The sagebrush layer is completely removed.
Spots or patches with heavy sagebrush are sterilized by the ire and must be seeded to prevent
invasive species (annual grasses, tumble mustard) from totally occupying the site. Bluebunch
wheatgrass and basin wildrye will have weak vigor for a few years but generally survive. Needle
and thread is one native species that can increase via new seedlings.
The longer the site goes without fire and the more grazing pressure added, the more sagebrush
cover increases, and the more Bunchgrasses decline. As sagebrush cover increases bluebunch
wheatgrass cover declines but individual plants may persist underneath the sagebrush. And, the
dense sagebrush community phase is more vulnerable to outside pressures. Invasive species take
advantage of available soil rooting spaces. The once extensive grass roots are largely absent.
Soils are no longer receiving the organic inputs, and there is less surface cover by grass litter.
Both water infiltration into the soil, and water percolation through the soil, are affected, leaving
open soil space that is drier and more vulnerable to wind and water erosion, and invasion by
undesirable species. Once these undesirable species have colonized, the site is at high risk of
crossing a threshold if a disturbance such as fire were to occur.
Grazing is another common disturbance that occurs to this ecological site. Grazing pressure can
be defined as heavy grazing intensity, or frequent grazing during reproductive growth, or season -
long grazing (the same plant grazed more than once). As grazing pressure increases the plant
community unravels in stages:
1. Bluebunch wheatgrass declines while Sandberg bluegrass, needle and thread and sagebrush
increase
2. As Bluebunch wheatgrass continues to decline, invasive species such as cheatgrass and
knapweed colonize the site
3. With further decline the site can become a sagebrush-cheatgrass community
Managing sagebrush steppe to improve the vigor and health of native bunchgrasses begins with
an understanding of grass physiology. New growth each year begins from basal buds.
Bluebunch wheatgrass plants rely principally on tillering, rather than establishment of new plants
through natural reseeding. ]During seed formation, the g r ' win points become elevated and are
gp
vulnerable to damage or removal.